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The Black Oil Company History Deliberately Erased in 1917 In 1917, four Black entrepreneurs—Wilson Newman, J.C. Pratt, S.M. Holland, and Heston Welborn—founded the Ardmore Lubricating Oil Company in Oklahoma during the height of Jim Crow segregation. Operating from the "wrong side" of East 2nd Street in Oklahoma City, they purchased a 100-acre oil lease in the Healdton oilfield and struck high-grade lubricating oil worth five times the market price. These pioneers sold shares to the Black commun

The First Crusade was one of the most extraordinary, bloody and significant episodes in medieval history. It began with an appeal for aid from the Christian Byzantine Empire, threatened by the rising power of the Muslim Seljuk Turks. But when Pope Urban II preached a sermon at Clermont in 1095, the result was unlike anything ever seen before. The Pope offered spiritual salvation to those willing to go east to aid their fellow Christians in a holy war, and help liberate Jerusalem from Muslim rule