Today, the universe as we know it is governed by four fundamental forces: the strong nuclear force, the weak nuclear force, electromagnetism, and gravity. However, these four forces aren’t exactly as ...

In nuclear beta decay an up quark ‘u’ in a proton converts into an up down quark ‘d,’ turning the proton into a neutron and emitting a positron and a neutrino. This work affects interpretation of beta ...

Have you ever stood by the sea and been overwhelmed by its vastness, by how quickly it could roll in and swallow you? Evidence suggests that we are suspended in a cosmic sea of dark matter, a ...