During chemical reactions, atoms in the reacting substances break their bonds and re-arrange, forming different chemical products. This process entails the movement of both electrons (i.e., negatively ...

The distribution of outermost shell electrons, known as valence electrons, of organic molecules was observed for the first time. As the interactions between atoms are governed by the valence electrons ...

Automatically numbering and weighting electronic states instead of taking averages improves estimates of target molecular orbitals.

Molecular crystals with conductivity and magnetism, due to their low impurity concentrations, provide valuable insights into ...

Electron microscopy (EM) has become an indispensable tool for investigating the nanoscale structure of a large range of materials, across physical and life sciences. It is vital for characterisation ...

What Is Electron Beam Lithography? Electron beam lithography (EBL) is a technique for creating high-resolution patterns on a semiconductor substrate by directing a beam of electrons to selectively ...