The Nernst Equation is crucial in the evolution of electrochemical devices like batteries; however, it only applies when there is no current flow. There is presently no theory that can quantitatively ...

The generation of electricity from heat, also known as thermoelectric energy conversion, has proved to be advantageous for various real-world applications. For instance, it proved useful for the ...

Poisson–Nernst–Planck (PNP) models constitute a cornerstone in the mathematical description of ionic transport and electrostatic interactions in diverse physical and biological systems. These models ...