tRNAs have a distinct cloverleaf secondary structure and an L-shaped tertiary structure. The cloverleaf structure is formed by the folding of the single-stranded tRNA molecule, which is typically ...

Scientists look at the base pairs that compose the "rungs" of the DNA ladder to determine a genome's sequence. The success of E. coli bacteria depends on their ability to multiply very rapidly by ...

DNA is the raw material of modern medicine yet is the only part of drug development not accessible at the lab bench. DNA synthesis, the first step in most biological workflows including gene synthesis ...

Within a cell, DNA carries the genetic code for building proteins. To build proteins, the cell makes a copy of DNA, called mRNA. Then, another molecule called a ribosome reads the mRNA, translating it ...

DNA synthesis is vital to several processes in biopharmaceutical innovation, including the development of gene therapies, CRISPR gene editing, antisense oligonucleotides and RNA therapies. The need ...

Every researcher knows the frustration: your groundbreaking experiment is on hold because the DNA sequence you need is "unmanufacturable". Or worse, after weeks of waiting, the oligos arrive with ...